In September 1937, a significant event in the history of anti-colonial activism took place in the United Kingdom: the “Abyssinia and Justice” conference. This gathering brought together prominent figures dedicated to opposing fascist aggression and supporting Ethiopia (then known as Abyssinia) during its conflict with Italy. Among the attendees were Jomo Kenyatta, a future leader of Kenya, and Sylvia Pankhurst, a renowned British suffragette and anti-imperialist activist.
Background: The Italian Invasion of Ethiopia
In 1935, Italy, under Benito Mussolini’s fascist regime, invaded Ethiopia, one of the few independent African nations at the time. This unprovoked aggression was met with global condemnation, particularly from anti-colonial and anti-fascist groups. Ethiopia’s struggle became a symbol of resistance against imperialism and fascism, galvanizing support from activists worldwide.
Sylvia Pankhurst’s Advocacy
Sylvia Pankhurst, originally known for her role in the British suffragette movement, became a fervent supporter of Ethiopia’s cause. She founded the newspaper New Times and Ethiopia News in 1936, which served as a platform to raise awareness about the Italian invasion and to mobilize support for Ethiopia. Pankhurst’s dedication to anti-fascism and anti-imperialism led her to organize events and conferences aimed at garnering international support for Ethiopia.
Jomo Kenyatta’s Involvement
Jomo Kenyatta, who would later become the first President of Kenya, was actively involved in anti-colonial activities during his time in the UK. In 1937, he participated in the “Abyssinia and Justice” conference, reflecting his commitment to pan-African solidarity and opposition to colonial oppression. Kenyatta’s presence at the conference underscored the interconnectedness of African liberation movements and the shared struggle against imperialism.
The “Abyssinia and Justice” Conference
Held on September 9, 1937, the “Abyssinia and Justice” conference aimed to discuss the ongoing conflict in Ethiopia and to strategize on ways to support the Ethiopian resistance against Italian occupation. The conference brought together activists, intellectuals, and political figures from various backgrounds, all united in their opposition to fascism and colonialism.
The Historic Meeting
A notable moment from the conference was the meeting between Sylvia Pankhurst and Jomo Kenyatta. A photograph captured during the event shows Pankhurst shaking hands with Kenyatta, symbolizing the solidarity between African and European activists in the fight against imperialism. This image has been preserved in historical archives and serves as a testament to the collaborative efforts of anti-colonial activists during that era.
Legacy and Impact
The collaboration between figures like Pankhurst and Kenyatta at the “Abyssinia and Justice” conference highlighted the global dimensions of the anti-colonial struggle. Their joint efforts contributed to raising international awareness about the plight of Ethiopia and reinforced the importance of solidarity in the fight against oppression. This event also exemplified the role of transnational alliances in challenging colonial powers and advocating for the sovereignty of oppressed nations.
In retrospect, the 1937 meeting between Jomo Kenyatta and Sylvia Pankhurst at the “Abyssinia and Justice” conference stands as a significant moment in the history of anti-colonial activism. It underscores the interconnectedness of global struggles for justice and the enduring impact of solidarity across continents.
