Kenya public debt 2024 figures reveal a sharp rise in national obligations, with the debt hitting Kshs 10.6 trillion by June 2024—equivalent to 70.0% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This represents a year-on-year increase from Kshs 10.3 trillion in June 2023, though the debt-to-GDP ratio saw a slight improvement from 70.8% to 70.0%, driven in part by nominal GDP growth. Kenya public debt
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The persistent accumulation of debt reflects years of borrowing to finance large-scale infrastructure projects, counter fiscal deficits, and support economic stimulus during shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic and global commodity price surges.
Historical Trends and Composition
Debt Growth Over Time
Kenya’s public debt has risen rapidly over the past decade:
| Year | June Public Debt (Kshs Trillion) | Debt-to-GDP Ratio (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 2.37 | 43.1 |
| 2019 | 5.81 | 59.1 |
| 2023 | 10.28 | 70.8 |
| 2024 | 10.60 | 70.0 |
Source: Central Bank of Kenya, Cytonn.com
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Debt Breakdown (December 2021)
- Domestic Debt: Kshs 4.03 trillion
- External Debt: Kshs 4.17 trillion
As of mid-2024, the domestic debt stock has grown to over Kshs 5.4 trillion, while external debt sits at Kshs 5.15 trillion. This near parity between internal and foreign obligations reflects a strategy to diversify funding sources while managing exchange rate exposure.
Recent Economic and Fiscal Developments
Amidst rising debt-servicing pressures, the Kenyan government has initiated new discussions with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to secure a new lending program that could provide budgetary support and stabilize investor confidence.
In addition, Kenya is negotiating a $1.5 billion loan from the United Arab Emirates, offering 8.2% interest. While this reflects alternative financing efforts, it also raises concerns over costlier borrowing in a tightening global credit market.
Credit Ratings and Market Confidence
In January 2025, Moody’s revised Kenya’s outlook from “negative” to “positive,” citing expected improvements in liquidity and a more credible fiscal consolidation plan. However, the issuer rating remained at Caa1, reflecting ongoing credit risks, including high refinancing needs, political uncertainties, and reliance on external concessional financing. Kenya public debt
Debt Sustainability and Outlook
The sustainability of Kenya public debt 2024 remains a critical concern for policymakers and investors alike. Although the debt-to-GDP ratio appears to be stabilizing, several factors threaten future outlook:
- High Interest Payments: Debt servicing now consumes over 60% of tax revenue, limiting space for social and development expenditure.
- Currency Volatility: Depreciation of the Kenyan shilling increases the cost of foreign-denominated debt.
- Revenue Shortfalls: Limited tax base expansion continues to constrain government revenue mobilization.
- Structural Reforms Needed: Efforts toward state-owned enterprise reform, expenditure rationalization, and enhanced revenue collection remain slow.
However, fiscal consolidation plans supported by the IMF and credit rating stability signal growing commitment toward reducing vulnerabilities. Kenya public debt
Full Monthly Debt Figures (2023–2024)
| Month | Domestic Debt (Kshs Bn) | External Debt (Kshs Bn) | Total (Kshs Bn) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 2024 | 5,410.30 | 5,150.84 | 10,561.14 |
| May 2024 | 5,319.89 | 5,118.31 | 10,438.19 |
| Apr 2024 | 5,323.71 | 5,198.81 | 10,522.52 |
| Mar 2024 | 5,235.19 | 5,163.42 | 10,398.61 |
| Feb 2024 | 5,200.21 | 5,653.89 | 10,854.10 |
| Jan 2024 | 5,050.44 | 6,189.97 | 11,240.41 |
Source: Central Bank of Kenya
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This monthly trajectory confirms sustained upward pressure on both domestic and external debt throughout the financial year.
Kenya’s Public Debt since 1999
| Year | Month | Domestic Debt | External Debt | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | June | 5,410,300.000 | 5,150,839.749 | 10,561,139.75 |
| 2024 | May | 5,319,887.458 | 5,118,306.595 | 10,438,194.05 |
| 2024 | April | 5,323,712.779 | 5,198,811.988 | 10,522,524.77 |
| 2024 | March | 5,235,188.41 | 5,163,423.34 | 10,398,611.75 |
| 2024 | February | 5,200,211.069 | 5,200,211.069 | 10,854,105.08 |
| 2024 | January | 5,050,442.003 | 6,189,967.467 | 11,240,409.47 |
| 2023 | December | 5,050,108.539 | 6,089,584.983 | 11,139,693.52 |
| 2023 | November | 4,990,750.731 | 5,896,502.32 | 10,887,253.05 |
| 2023 | October | 4,913,029.444 | 4,913,029.444 | 10,659,345.95 |
| 2023 | September | 4,914,606.168 | 5,667,798.528 | 10,582,404.70 |
| 2023 | August | 4,912,338.928 | 5,614,091.024 | 10,526,429.95 |
| 2023 | July | 4,873,527.312 | 5,542,638.321 | 10,416,165.63 |
| 2023 | June | 4,832,112.06 | 5,446,560.935 | 10,278,672.99 |
| 2023 | May | 4,549,646.531 | 5,137,162.585 | 9,686,809.116 |
| 2023 | April | 4,542,350.542 | 5,092,502.583 | 9,634,853.125 |
| 2023 | March | 4,539,592.17 | 4,851,094.80 | 9,390,686.97 |
| 2023 | February | 4,551,561.27 | 4,709,715.16 | 9,261,276.43 |
| 2023 | January | 4,501,714.13 | 4,681,115.48 | 9,182,829.61 |
| 2022 | December | 4,472,838.52 | 4,673,144.13 | 9,145,982.65 |
| 2022 | November | 4,435,937.16 | 4,462,891.06 | 8,898,828.22 |
| 2022 | October | 4,386,094.34 | 4,359,569.49 | 8,745,663.83 |
| 2022 | September | 4,366,278.69 | 4,334,790.82 | 8,701,069.51 |
| 2022 | August | 4,335,273.44 | 4,327,930.65 | 8,663,204.08 |
| 2022 | July | 4,310,691.54 | 4,299,821.20 | 8,610,512.74 |
| 2022 | June | 4,288,332.96 | 4,290,775.57 | 8,579,108.53 |
| 2022 | May | 4,268,656.81 | 4,295,102.46 | 8,563,759.27 |
| 2022 | April | 4,226,843.40 | 4,243,534.44 | 8,470,377.84 |
| 2022 | March | 4,191,771.00 | 4,209,560.22 | 8,401,331.22 |
| 2022 | February | 4,181,420.48 | 4,157,763.28 | 8,339,183.76 |
| 2022 | January | 4,110,120.51 | 4,155,788.44 | 8,265,908.95 |
| 2021 | December | 4,032,368.18 | 4,174,371.53 | 8,206,739.71 |
| 2021 | November | 4,008,077.30 | 4,109,282.85 | 8,117,360.15 |
| 2021 | October | 3,959,523.30 | 4,083,124.54 | 8,042,647.84 |
| 2021 | September | 3,937,777.45 | 4,062,504.78 | 8,000,282.23 |
| 2021 | August | 3,864,875.78 | 4,054,862.85 | 7,919,738.63 |
| 2021 | July | 3,792,146.89 | 4,020,629.30 | 7,812,776.19 |
| 2021 | June | 3,697,093.18 | 4,015,299.38 | 7,712,392.57 |
| 2021 | May | 3,686,891.72 | 3,799,018.81 | 7,485,910.53 |
| 2021 | April | 3,632,914.80 | 3,778,131.44 | 7,411,046.24 |
| 2021 | March | 3,569,840.57 | 3,769,866.74 | 7,339,707.31 |
| 2021 | February | 3,531,182.93 | 3,814,288.77 | 7,345,471.70 |
| 2021 | January | 3,532,561.52 | 3,819,699.66 | 7,352,261.18 |
| 2020 | December | 3,488,541.18 | 3,793,285.24 | 7,281,826.42 |
| 2020 | November | 3,482,653.56 | 3,771,808.47 | 7,254,462.03 |
| 2020 | October | 3,457,644.63 | 3,705,644.24 | 7,163,288.87 |
| 2020 | September | 3,457,106.50 | 3,663,491.22 | 7,120,597.72 |
| 2020 | August | 3,402,500.73 | 3,666,321.29 | 7,068,822.02 |
| 2020 | July | 3,273,551.44 | 3,638,506.49 | 6,912,057.93 |
| 2020 | June | 3,178,421.28 | 3,515,810.78 | 6,694,232.06 |
| 2020 | May | 3,153,143.94 | 3,496,428.84 | 6,649,572.77 |
| 2020 | April | 3,119,415.80 | 3,317,330.98 | 6,436,746.77 |
| 2020 | March | 3,070,189.38 | 3,212,634.23 | 6,282,823.61 |
| 2020 | February | 3,040,964.55 | 3,117,038.57 | 6,158,003.12 |
| 2020 | January | 3,003,700.30 | 3,112,897.95 | 6,116,598.25 |
| 2019 | December | 2,942,103.54 | 3,106,822.96 | 6,048,926.50 |
| 2019 | November | 2,917,362.29 | 3,114,959.69 | 6,032,321.98 |
| 2019 | October | 2,897,141.36 | 3,127,601.26 | 6,024,742.62 |
| 2019 | September | 2,851,639.21 | 3,111,767.28 | 5,963,406.49 |
| 2019 | August | 2,875,502.65 | 3,133,543.34 | 6,009,045.99 |
| 2019 | July | 2,843,666.89 | 3,160,057.46 | 6,003,724.35 |
| 2019 | June | 2,785,483.13 | 3,023,139.47 | 5,808,622.60 |
| 2019 | May | 2,772,613.71 | 2,834,844.04 | 5,607,457.75 |
| 2019 | April | 2,740,905.64 | 2,842,481.02 | 5,583,386.66 |
| 2019 | March | 2,702,933.27 | 2,721,597.46 | 5,424,530.74 |
| 2019 | February | 2,690,972.03 | 2,707,287.17 | 5,398,259.20 |
| 2019 | January | 2,604,189.40 | 2,729,478.57 | 5,333,667.97 |
| 2018 | December | 2,548,768.78 | 2,723,734.27 | 5,272,503.04 |
| 2018 | November | 2,563,418.63 | 2,709,008.39 | 5,272,427.03 |
| 2018 | October | 2,535,751.89 | 2,654,689.44 | 5,190,441.33 |
| 2018 | September | 2,540,833.74 | 2,605,334.58 | 5,146,168.32 |
| 2018 | August | 2,493,706.78 | 2,611,403.10 | 5,105,109.88 |
| 2018 | July | 2,513,046.50 | 2,601,071.15 | 5,114,117.65 |
| 2018 | June | 2,478,835.09 | 2,560,199.43 | 5,039,034.52 |
| 2018 | May | 2,447,575.21 | 2,573,126.24 | 5,020,701.44 |
| 2018 | April | 2,415,234.64 | 2,562,178.53 | 4,977,413.17 |
| 2018 | March | 2,371,650.53 | 2,512,430.94 | 4,884,081.46 |
| 2018 | February | 2,338,213.71 | 2,563,074.05 | 4,901,287.76 |
| 2018 | January | 2,247,295.02 | 2,377,522.47 | 4,624,817.49 |
| 2017 | December | 2,220,345.35 | 2,349,284.44 | 4,569,629.79 |
| 2017 | November | 2,228,429.02 | 2,357,226.48 | 4,585,655.50 |
| 2017 | October | 2,188,509.46 | 2,353,124.93 | 4,541,634.39 |
| 2017 | September | 2,172,835.15 | 2,310,198.99 | 4,483,034.13 |
| 2017 | August | 2,135,933.94 | 2,309,775.39 | 4,445,709.33 |
| 2017 | July | 2,123,788.59 | 2,305,538.33 | 4,429,326.92 |
| 2017 | June | 2,111,710.44 | 2,294,735.88 | 4,406,446.32 |
| 2017 | May | 2,045,471.63 | 2,187,224.33 | 4,232,695.96 |
| 2017 | April | 1,979,865.65 | 2,167,254.83 | 4,147,120.48 |
| 2017 | March | 1,945,253.27 | 2,159,068.94 | 4,104,322.21 |
| 2017 | February | 1,901,820.24 | 1,993,173.80 | 3,894,994.04 |
| 2017 | January | 1,894,094.99 | 1,992,795.15 | 3,886,890.14 |
| 2016 | December | 1,930,855.01 | 1,896,443.05 | 3,827,298.06 |
| 2016 | November | 1,918,656.99 | 1,834,914.33 | 3,753,571.32 |
| 2016 | October | 1,872,102.82 | 1,844,474.96 | 3,716,577.78 |
| 2016 | September | 1,854,554.56 | 1,849,019.87 | 3,703,574.43 |
| 2016 | August | 1,815,930.73 | 1,803,260.48 | 3,619,191.22 |
| 2016 | July | 1,808,641.64 | 1,797,696.38 | 3,606,338.02 |
| 2016 | June | 1,815,470.50 | 1,803,256.30 | 3,618,726.80 |
| 2016 | May | 1,750,326.78 | 1,680,631.83 | 3,430,958.61 |
| 2016 | April | 1,689,039.25 | 1,685,269.16 | 3,374,308.41 |
| 2016 | March | 1,646,527.48 | 1,665,578.04 | 3,312,105.52 |
| 2016 | February | 1,605,227.98 | 1,646,555.21 | 3,251,783.19 |
| 2016 | January | 1,522,769.88 | 1,654,744.49 | 3,177,514.38 |
| 2015 | December | 1,540,579.13 | 1,615,184.20 | 3,155,763.33 |
| 2015 | November | 1,516,373.47 | 1,562,515.56 | 3,078,889.04 |
| 2015 | October | 1,454,245.39 | 1,490,713.76 | 2,944,959.15 |
| 2015 | September | 1,388,262.31 | 1,550,232.74 | 2,938,495.05 |
| 2015 | August | 1,403,100.20 | 1,530,678.61 | 2,933,778.82 |
| 2015 | July | 1,418,568.23 | 1,473,143.70 | 2,891,711.93 |
| 2015 | June | 1,420,444.38 | 1,408,613.59 | 2,829,057.97 |
| 2015 | May | 1,407,811.19 | 1,381,156.98 | 2,788,968.18 |
| 2015 | April | 1,415,431.51 | 1,326,835.19 | 2,742,266.71 |
| 2015 | March | 1,397,125.72 | 1,278,107.87 | 2,675,233.59 |
| 2015 | February | 1,353,302.65 | 1,296,748.46 | 2,650,051.11 |
| 2015 | January | 1,334,642.80 | 1,163,350.79 | 2,497,993.59 |
| 2014 | December | 1,307,748.71 | 1,170,696.28 | 2,478,444.99 |
| 2014 | November | 1,303,363.31 | 1,088,951.54 | 2,392,314.85 |
| 2014 | October | 1,254,913.42 | 1,088,832.15 | 2,343,745.57 |
| 2014 | September | 1,260,874.56 | 1,087,827.67 | 2,348,702.23 |
| 2014 | August | 1,281,093.66 | 1,090,984.32 | 2,372,077.98 |
| 2014 | July | 1,296,444.73 | 1,089,655.77 | 2,386,100.50 |
| 2014 | June | 1,284,327.25 | 1,085,928.57 | 2,370,255.82 |
| 2014 | May | 1,232,041.55 | 957,893.23 | 2,189,934.78 |
| 2014 | April | 1,216,759.23 | 950,981.15 | 2,167,740.39 |
| 2014 | March | 1,231,183.10 | 940,402.99 | 2,171,586.09 |
| 2014 | February | 1,229,416.28 | 937,328.35 | 2,166,744.63 |
| 2014 | January | 1,200,901.86 | 920,500.71 | 2,121,402.56 |
| 2013 | December | 1,189,182.59 | 922,369.15 | 2,111,551.74 |
| 2013 | November | 1,170,053.22 | 912,234.31 | 2,082,287.54 |
| 2013 | October | 1,174,782.27 | 887,991.23 | 2,062,773.50 |
| 2013 | September | 1,168,115.36 | 889,313.51 | 2,057,428.87 |
| 2013 | August | 1,116,676.22 | 887,560.00 | 2,004,236.22 |
| 2013 | July | 1,078,604.00 | 875,230.00 | 1,953,834.00 |
| 2013 | June | 1,050,628.57 | 843,562.27 | 1,894,190.84 |
| 2013 | May | 1,074,797.69 | 832,238.14 | 1,907,035.82 |
| 2013 | April | 1,065,609.39 | 816,796.56 | 1,882,405.95 |
| 2013 | March | 981,910.93 | 812,700.17 | 1,794,611.10 |
| 2013 | February | 943,750.18 | 826,267.68 | 1,770,017.86 |
| 2013 | January | 978,335.91 | 833,609.46 | 1,811,945.37 |
| 2012 | December | 971,265.44 | 821,972.82 | 1,793,238.26 |
| 2012 | November | 958,438.68 | 824,583.12 | 1,783,021.80 |
| 2012 | October | 929,321.62 | 812,307.84 | 1,741,629.46 |
| 2012 | September | 922,196.19 | 802,457.33 | 1,724,653.52 |
| 2012 | August | 901,934.27 | 771,760.00 | 1,673,694.27 |
| 2012 | July | 872,160.52 | 767,390.00 | 1,639,550.52 |
| 2012 | June | 858,829.55 | 774,550.00 | 1,633,379.55 |
| 2012 | May | 889,056.81 | 721,040.00 | 1,610,096.81 |
| 2012 | April | 896,036.72 | 700,900.00 | 1,596,936.72 |
| 2012 | March | 887,871.40 | 676,330.00 | 1,564,201.40 |
| 2012 | February | 877,292.72 | 663,050.00 | 1,540,342.72 |
| 2012 | January | 809,278.11 | 686,718.48 | 1,495,996.59 |
| 2011 | December | 799,880.06 | 685,607.92 | 1,485,487.98 |
| 2011 | November | 803,894.34 | 728,645.25 | 1,532,539.59 |
| 2011 | October | 794,565.56 | 810,011.60 | 1,604,577.16 |
| 2011 | September | 764,274.59 | 799,834.03 | 1,564,108.62 |
| 2011 | August | 776,852.60 | 768,510.85 | 1,545,363.45 |
| 2011 | July | 781,713.03 | 744,486.60 | 1,526,199.63 |
| 2011 | June | 764,222.80 | 722,888.31 | 1,487,111.11 |
| 2011 | May | 746,574.73 | 675,887.12 | 1,422,461.85 |
| 2011 | April | 735,460.06 | 652,675.73 | 1,388,135.79 |
| 2011 | March | 754,048.10 | 642,847.92 | 1,396,896.02 |
| 2011 | February | 746,670.28 | 630,400.03 | 1,377,070.31 |
| 2011 | January | 730,197.77 | 615,604.98 | 1,345,802.75 |
| 2010 | December | 720,207.97 | 599,930.46 | 1,320,138.43 |
| 2010 | November | 711,448.98 | 599,251.46 | 1,310,700.44 |
| 2010 | October | 696,132.65 | 598,080.46 | 1,294,213.11 |
| 2010 | September | 704,702.77 | 594,223.00 | 1,298,925.77 |
| 2010 | August | 698,047.35 | 566,166.88 | 1,264,214.23 |
| 2010 | July | 667,803.42 | 562,941.95 | 1,230,745.37 |
| 2010 | June | 660,267.68 | 565,452.00 | 1,225,719.68 |
| 2010 | May | 650,261.96 | 541,976.71 | 1,192,238.67 |
| 2010 | April | 653,614.42 | 537,424.84 | 1,191,039.26 |
| 2010 | March | 639,116.32 | 538,157.99 | 1,177,274.31 |
| 2010 | February | 607,512.61 | 525,369.18 | 1,132,881.79 |
| 2010 | January | 580,721.47 | 525,552.75 | 1,106,274.22 |
| 2009 | December | 588,970.31 | 588,970.31 | 1,177,940.63 |
| 2009 | November | 562,926.79 | 521,232.48 | 1,084,159.26 |
| 2009 | October | 567,125.13 | 523,899.66 | 1,091,024.79 |
| 2009 | September | 550,613.80 | 524,982.60 | 1,075,596.40 |
| 2009 | August | 547,182.36 | 530,075.39 | 1,077,257.75 |
| 2009 | July | 530,400.97 | 532,144.51 | 1,062,545.48 |
| 2009 | June | 518,346.15 | 535,143.70 | 1,053,489.84 |
| 2009 | May | 489,234.39 | 517,929.10 | 1,007,163.49 |
| 2009 | April | 497,450.16 | 511,981.59 | 1,009,431.75 |
| 2009 | March | 474,749.81 | 513,623.00 | 988,372.81 |
| 2009 | February | 478,896.43 | 514,635.34 | 993,531.77 |
| 2009 | January | 454,266.44 | 512,475.65 | 966,742.10 |
| 2008 | December | 456,227.91 | 516,671.33 | 972,899.25 |
| 2008 | November | 451,392.10 | 450,248.35 | 901,640.45 |
| 2008 | October | 454,685.97 | 434,487.59 | 889,173.56 |
| 2008 | September | 449,333.84 | 432,954.02 | 882,287.86 |
| 2008 | August | 433,489.36 | 433,670.73 | 867,160.09 |
| 2008 | July | 428,148.13 | 432,808.95 | 860,957.07 |
| 2008 | June | 430,611.73 | 439,967.00 | 870,578.73 |
| 2008 | May | 442,684.75 | 429,644.66 | 872,329.41 |
| 2008 | April | 437,870.94 | 425,992.78 | 863,863.72 |
| 2008 | March | 444,736.37 | 425,086.89 | 869,823.26 |
| 2008 | February | 434,621.39 | 425,976.18 | 860,597.57 |
| 2008 | January | 432,183.90 | 424,205.02 | 856,388.92 |
| 2007 | December | 438,059.11 | 406,923.00 | 844,982.11 |
| 2007 | November | 426,062.44 | 424,243.21 | 850,305.66 |
| 2007 | October | 418,488.14 | 419,738.84 | 838,226.99 |
| 2007 | September | 426,821.36 | 408,680.79 | 835,502.14 |
| 2007 | August | 415,915.04 | 409,066.12 | 824,981.16 |
| 2007 | July | 410,229.01 | 410,512.75 | 820,741.77 |
| 2007 | June | 404,690.11 | 396,564.00 | 801,254.11 |
| 2007 | May | 390,795.61 | 419,743.45 | 810,539.06 |
| 2007 | April | 390,491.89 | 420,265.23 | 810,757.12 |
| 2007 | March | 386,287.74 | 409,055.74 | 795,343.48 |
| 2007 | February | 385,824.93 | 416,510.41 | 802,335.34 |
| 2007 | January | 378,127.61 | 417,467.73 | 795,595.34 |
| 2006 | December | 385,121.22 | 407,742.55 | 792,863.77 |
| 2006 | November | 381,034.85 | 424,933.07 | 805,967.92 |
| 2006 | October | 375,524.02 | 424,414.09 | 799,938.11 |
| 2006 | September | 371,591.47 | 422,647.93 | 794,239.41 |
| 2006 | August | 367,963.31 | 431,095.63 | 799,058.94 |
| 2006 | July | 364,835.71 | 430,667.84 | 795,503.56 |
| 2006 | June | 357,838.95 | 431,236.83 | 789,075.78 |
| 2006 | May | 349,489.93 | 406,493.69 | 755,983.63 |
| 2006 | April | 348,220.36 | 406,531.77 | 754,752.13 |
| 2006 | March | 346,064.04 | 407,003.71 | 753,067.75 |
| 2006 | February | 338,613.23 | 407,132.44 | 745,745.67 |
| 2006 | January | 333,950.84 | 407,544.63 | 741,495.47 |
| 2005 | December | 335,001.89 | 408,601.92 | 743,603.81 |
| 2005 | November | 333,501.48 | 417,897.89 | 751,399.38 |
| 2005 | October | 332,725.65 | 418,417.49 | 751,143.14 |
| 2005 | September | 328,799.98 | 418,860.33 | 747,660.31 |
| 2005 | August | 325,380.53 | 434,850.69 | 760,231.23 |
| 2005 | July | 324,027.42 | 435,399.90 | 759,427.32 |
| 2005 | June | 315,572.50 | 433,975.65 | 749,548.15 |
| 2005 | May | 304,975.65 | 423,476.45 | 728,452.10 |
| 2005 | April | 307,160.62 | 424,345.69 | 731,506.31 |
| 2005 | March | 296,330.22 | 424,857.08 | 721,187.30 |
| 2005 | February | 292,227.33 | 445,544.58 | 737,771.91 |
| 2005 | January | 291,222.66 | 446,226.13 | 737,448.80 |
| 2004 | December | 295,374.44 | 439,992.95 | 735,367.39 |
| 2004 | November | 302,543.91 | 454,664.42 | 757,208.33 |
| 2004 | October | 301,541.30 | 454,539.95 | 756,081.25 |
| 2004 | September | 299,745.58 | 454,438.56 | 754,184.14 |
| 2004 | August | 301,678.34 | 444,460.66 | 746,138.99 |
| 2004 | July | 303,462.12 | 444,611.00 | 748,073.12 |
| 2004 | June | 306,234.66 | 443,157.43 | 749,392.09 |
| 2004 | May | 299,347.29 | 408,547.54 | 707,894.83 |
| 2004 | April | 301,177.37 | 409,950.33 | 711,127.70 |
| 2004 | March | 302,023.58 | 412,036.08 | 714,059.66 |
| 2004 | February | 300,907.92 | 407,417.62 | 708,325.54 |
| 2004 | January | 299,701.26 | 409,158.26 | 708,859.52 |
| 2003 | December | 301,190.58 | 410,149.00 | 711,339.58 |
| 2003 | November | 303,548.41 | 406,592.25 | 710,140.65 |
| 2003 | October | 301,918.96 | 409,359.85 | 711,278.82 |
| 2003 | September | 303,252.05 | 411,067.00 | 714,319.05 |
| 2003 | August | 295,494.51 | 397,991.28 | 693,485.79 |
| 2003 | July | 292,277.47 | 398,532.85 | 690,810.32 |
| 2003 | June | 289,376.97 | 407,053.00 | 696,429.97 |
| 2003 | May | 280,928.98 | 361,731.20 | 642,660.18 |
| 2003 | April | 276,083.44 | 363,605.43 | 639,688.88 |
| 2003 | March | 270,716.28 | 364,904.26 | 635,620.54 |
| 2003 | February | 264,193.21 | 367,469.40 | 631,662.61 |
| 2003 | January | 263,986.33 | 369,051.09 | 633,037.42 |
| 2002 | December | 259,828.23 | 369,729.83 | 629,558.06 |
| 2002 | November | 255,192.66 | 371,334.71 | 626,527.37 |
| 2002 | October | 251,196.67 | 373,140.09 | 624,336.76 |
| 2002 | September | 250,808.60 | 375,034.19 | 625,842.79 |
| 2002 | August | 247,168.98 | 376,868.51 | 624,037.49 |
| 2002 | July | 242,102.05 | 376,712.94 | 618,814.99 |
| 2002 | June | 235,991.00 | 377,748.00 | 613,739.00 |
| 2002 | May | 231,773.00 | 378,594.34 | 610,367.34 |
| 2002 | April | 233,149.00 | 378,475.98 | 611,624.98 |
| 2002 | March | 229,167.00 | 380,169.06 | 609,336.06 |
| 2002 | February | 227,581.00 | 381,497.47 | 609,078.47 |
| 2002 | January | 222,711.00 | 382,302.84 | 605,013.84 |
| 2001 | December | 221,984.00 | 384,302.58 | 606,286.58 |
| 2001 | November | 217,524.00 | 386,971.92 | 604,495.92 |
| 2001 | October | 225,952.00 | 389,276.05 | 615,228.05 |
| 2001 | September | 219,165.00 | 392,052.74 | 611,217.74 |
| 2001 | August | 214,767.00 | 392,335.83 | 607,102.83 |
| 2001 | July | 205,012.00 | 393,491.36 | 598,503.36 |
| 2001 | June | 211,812.60 | 393,978.00 | 605,790.60 |
| 2001 | May | 202,880.88 | 408,100.64 | 610,981.52 |
| 2001 | April | 210,581.44 | 402,308.31 | 612,889.75 |
| 2001 | March | 200,622.58 | 403,373.54 | 603,996.12 |
| 2001 | February | 199,537.27 | 402,555.40 | 602,092.67 |
| 2001 | January | 193,332.95 | 403,645.68 | 596,978.63 |
| 2000 | December | 192,665.30 | 405,355.31 | 598,020.61 |
| 2000 | November | 195,906.00 | 400,714.45 | 596,620.45 |
| 2000 | October | 195,564.00 | 400,203.03 | 595,767.03 |
| 2000 | September | 195,520.00 | 399,798.72 | 595,318.72 |
| 2000 | August | 196,584.00 | 395,710.06 | 592,294.06 |
| 2000 | July | 202,362.00 | 394,667.37 | 597,029.37 |
| 2000 | June | 206,127.00 | 395,694.00 | 601,821.00 |
| 2000 | March | 201,463.22 | 396,800.00 | 598,263.22 |
| 1999 | December | 190,300.00 | 311,953.00 | 502,253.00 |
| 1999 | September | 183,417.00 | 320,137.00 | 503,554.00 |
Source: Central Bank of Kenya
Conclusion
Kenya public debt 2024 is a reflection of the country’s ambitious development agenda and structural fiscal challenges. While recent developments such as improved credit outlooks and renewed engagement with global lenders provide some optimism, the high absolute debt levels and servicing costs demand urgent policy shifts.
Reducing Kenya’s reliance on debt while boosting domestic revenue collection, improving spending efficiency, and leveraging concessional financing are critical for safeguarding long-term economic stability. Kenya public debt
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