Singapore, despite being a small island nation with limited natural freshwater resources, has developed an innovative and comprehensive water management system. The country relies on reservoirs, water recycling, and desalination to meet its water needs. In this article, we explore the top 10 largest reservoirs and dams in Singapore, focusing on their water supply, location, and capacity.
1. Marina Barrage
- Location: Marina Bay
- Capacity: 10,000 hectares (catchment area)
Marina Barrage is a key component of Singapore’s water supply strategy and an iconic infrastructure project. It creates a freshwater reservoir by damming the Marina Channel and is Singapore’s largest urban catchment area. Besides supplying water, it also acts as a flood control system and serves as a recreational space. The reservoir helps meet Singapore’s growing water demand by tapping into rainwater collected from urban areas.
2. MacRitchie Reservoir
- Location: Central Singapore
- Capacity: 15 million cubic meters
MacRitchie Reservoir is Singapore’s oldest reservoir, built in 1868. It is part of the Central Water Catchment and plays an important role in the nation’s water supply. The reservoir is surrounded by lush forests and is a popular spot for outdoor activities such as hiking, kayaking, and wildlife observation.
3. Kranji Reservoir
- Location: Northern Singapore
- Capacity: 14.6 million cubic meters
Kranji Reservoir is one of Singapore’s key reservoirs located in the northern part of the island. It was originally a coastal estuary dammed off to create a freshwater reservoir. It plays a critical role in Singapore’s water supply system and also supports a thriving ecosystem of freshwater flora and fauna.
4. Upper Seletar Reservoir
- Location: Mandai
- Capacity: 9.5 million cubic meters
Upper Seletar Reservoir is a major water source for Singapore and forms part of the Central Water Catchment. Surrounded by greenery and parks, it is a popular spot for jogging and fishing. The reservoir helps collect rainwater, which is treated and supplied to meet Singapore’s water needs.
5. Lower Seletar Reservoir
- Location: Yishun
- Capacity: 9 million cubic meters
Lower Seletar Reservoir, located downstream of Upper Seletar Reservoir, is another significant freshwater resource in Singapore. Besides its role in water storage, the reservoir is a popular recreational hub, offering activities like kayaking and dragon boating.
6. Bedok Reservoir
- Location: Bedok
- Capacity: 4.2 million cubic meters
Bedok Reservoir was created by converting a former sand quarry into a freshwater reservoir. It serves as a major water storage facility and is an essential part of Singapore’s water supply infrastructure. Bedok Reservoir is also known for water sports and recreational activities.
7. Pandan Reservoir
- Location: Western Singapore
- Capacity: 7.2 million cubic meters
Pandan Reservoir is a large freshwater reservoir located in the west of Singapore. It was originally a tidal estuary before being dammed for freshwater storage. The reservoir helps store rainwater and provides a steady supply of water for industrial use and drinking water after treatment.
8. Punggol Reservoir
- Location: Punggol
- Capacity: 3.6 million cubic meters
Punggol Reservoir is a relatively new reservoir in Singapore’s northeastern region. It was formed by damming two rivers, Sungei Punggol and Sungei Serangoon, to create a water catchment system. It provides an essential source of freshwater and enhances flood management in the area.
9. Serangoon Reservoir
- Location: Serangoon
- Capacity: 4.3 million cubic meters
Serangoon Reservoir was developed as part of Singapore’s plan to capture rainwater for its long-term water needs. It works in conjunction with Punggol Reservoir to meet water supply demands in the northeastern region. The reservoir is surrounded by parks and recreational facilities.
10. Jurong Lake Reservoir
- Location: Jurong
- Capacity: 3.5 million cubic meters
Jurong Lake Reservoir, created by damming the Jurong River, is a key water storage facility in western Singapore. The reservoir is surrounded by the scenic Jurong Lake Gardens and provides water for both drinking and recreational purposes.
Conclusion
Singapore’s largest dams and reservoirs are vital components of the nation’s water strategy, contributing to the country’s self-sufficiency in water supply. From the iconic Marina Barrage to the historic MacRitchie Reservoir, these reservoirs not only ensure a steady water supply but also offer recreational opportunities for residents. As Singapore continues to innovate in water management, these reservoirs will remain critical to the nation’s sustainable water future.