Kisumu, a bustling city in western Kenya along the shores of Lake Victoria, is steeped in history, with its name rooted in the diverse linguistic traditions of the communities that have interacted with the region over centuries. The city’s name reflects its historical significance as a center of sustenance and resource exchange among the Luo, Abaluhya, and Abagusii communities.
The Luo Perspective: Kisumo – A Place to Look for Food
The Luo people, who have a deep historical connection with the region, referred to the area as “Kisumo”, meaning “a place to look for food.” The term originates from the Luo phrase “I am going Kisuma,” signifying a journey to seek sustenance or provisions. This reflects Kisumu’s long-standing role as a center for trade and food exchange within the community.
The Abaluhya Perspective: Abhasuma – A Place to Borrow Food
For the Abaluhya community, Kisumu was called “Abhasuma,” which translates to “a place to borrow food.” The Abaluhya would say “I am going Khusuma,” meaning they were traveling to the area to seek provisions from others. This highlights Kisumu’s historical role as a communal hub where resources were shared among neighboring tribes.
The Abagusii Perspective: Egesumu – A Place for Keeping Chickens
The Abagusii referred to the area as “Egesumu,” meaning “a structure for keeping or rearing chickens.” This name reflects their interaction with the land, which they found unsuitable for crop farming and agriculture. It is believed the Abagusii migrated away from Kisumu in search of more fertile agricultural lands but left behind this unique linguistic contribution.
The Colonial Influence: Corrupting the Name
In the late 19th century, the arrival of white settlers introduced a new dimension to the naming of Kisumu. Unable to pronounce the local dialects—Kisumo (Luo), Khusuma (Luhya), or Kisuma—the settlers simplified and standardized the name to “Kisumu,” the version that persists today. This adaptation symbolizes the blending of indigenous culture with colonial influences.
Kisumu’s Legacy as a Hub of Exchange
The variations of Kisumu’s name across different communities reflect its rich heritage as a place of sustenance, exchange, and interaction. Whether as a location to look for food, borrow provisions, or house livestock, Kisumu has historically been a pivotal point for communal support and trade. Today, the city thrives as a cultural and economic hub, maintaining its legacy as a place where people come together to meet their needs.
Kisumu’s name is more than just a word—it is a testament to the interconnectedness of communities and their reliance on each other for survival and prosperity.
