Qatar: Manual of Statistical Definitions, Concepts and Terms. The Planning and Statistics Authority (PSA) provides the public with this manual, which includes information on general statistical concepts and definitions, main statistical measures, the general census of population and housing and others.
Statistics is one of the main components of planning and supporting the decision-making process for all sectors of the State. Thus, the importance of this manual standardizing statistical and economic concepts and terms, which are used by regional and international organizations and entities and consultancy firms, lies in the fact that it is a general and comprehensive reference for definitions, terms, and concepts that benefits researchers, interested persons, academics and decision-makers.
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What are examples of Manual of Statistical Definitions, Concepts and Terms?
A Manual of Statistical Definitions, Concepts, and Terms is a comprehensive guide that provides standardized definitions, explanations, and interpretations of statistical terms and concepts used in data collection, analysis, and reporting. Here are some examples of what such a manual might include:
- Definitions of Basic Statistical Terms:
- Mean: The average of a set of values, calculated by summing all the values and dividing by the number of values.
- Median: The middle value in a set of ordered data, or the average of the two middle values if the data set has an even number of observations.
- Mode: The value that appears most frequently in a data set.
- Concepts Related to Data Collection:
- Population: The entire set of individuals or items that is the focus of a statistical study.
- Sample: A subset of the population selected for analysis, intended to represent the population.
- Sampling Methods: Techniques used to select samples, including random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling.
- Descriptive Statistics:
- Range: The difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set.
- Variance: A measure of how much the values in a data set differ from the mean.
- Standard Deviation: The square root of the variance, representing the average distance of each value from the mean.
- Inferential Statistics:
- Hypothesis Testing: A method for testing a hypothesis about a parameter in a population using data measured in a sample.
- Confidence Interval: A range of values derived from the sample data that is likely to contain the population parameter.
- p-Value: The probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.
- Probability Concepts:
- Probability: A measure of the likelihood that an event will occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
- Probability Distribution: A function that describes the likelihood of different outcomes in a random experiment.
- Normal Distribution: A continuous probability distribution characterized by a symmetric, bell-shaped curve.
- Data Types and Measurement Scales:
- Nominal Data: Categorical data without a specific order (e.g., gender, race).
- Ordinal Data: Categorical data with a meaningful order but no consistent difference between categories (e.g., ranking levels).
- Interval Data: Numeric data with meaningful intervals between values but no true zero point (e.g., temperature in Celsius).
- Ratio Data: Numeric data with meaningful intervals and a true zero point (e.g., height, weight).
Sources:
- OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms:
- Provides definitions, explanations, and interpretations of key statistical terms used in the context of the OECD’s work.
- Available online at: OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms
- UN Statistics Division – Methodology and Tools:
- Includes various manuals and guidelines on statistical concepts and definitions used internationally.
- Available online at: UN Statistics Division
- ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics – Vocabulary and Symbols:
- Part of a series of standards providing definitions and explanations of statistical terms and symbols.
- Available through ISO: ISO 3534-1:2006
These sources provide standardized definitions and explanations that are crucial for ensuring consistency and clarity in statistical practices across different studies and applications.