Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss. It is a form of risk management, primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent or uncertain loss. List of the Best Insurance Companies in Vietnam
An entity which provides insurance is known as an insurer, an insurance company, an insurance carrier or an underwriter. A person or entity who buys insurance is known as an insured or as a policyholder. The insurance transaction involves the insured assuming a guaranteed and known – relatively small – loss in the form of payment to the insurer in exchange for the insurer’s promise to compensate the insured in the event of a covered loss. The loss may or may not be financial, but it must be reducible to financial terms, and usually involves something in which the insured has an insurable interest established by ownership, possession, or pre-existing relationship.
The insured receives a contract, called the insurance policy, which details the conditions and circumstances under which the insurer will compensate the insured. The amount of money charged by the insurer to the policyholder for the coverage set forth in the insurance policy is called the premium. If the insured experiences a loss which is potentially covered by the insurance policy, the insured submits a claim to the insurer for processing by a claims adjuster. The insurer may hedge its own risk by taking out reinsurance, whereby another insurance company agrees to carry some of the risks, especially if the primary insurer deems the risk too large for it to carry. List of the Best Insurance Companies in Qatar
Risk which can be insured by private companies typically share seven common characteristics:
- Large number of similar exposure units: Since insurance operates through pooling resources, the majority of insurance policies cover individual members of large classes, allowing insurers to benefit from the law of large numbers in which predicted losses are similar to the actual losses. Exceptions include Lloyd’s of London, which is famous for ensuring the life or health of actors, sports figures, and other famous individuals. However, all exposures will have particular differences, which may lead to different premium rates.
- Definite loss: This type of loss takes place at a known time and place, and from a known cause. The classic example involves the death of an insured person on a life-insurance policy. Fire, automobile accidents, and worker injuries may all easily meet this criterion. Other types of losses may only be definite in theory. Occupational disease, for instance, may involve prolonged exposure to injurious conditions where no specific time, place, or cause is identifiable. Ideally, the time, place, and cause of a loss should be clear enough that a reasonable person, with sufficient information, could objectively verify all three elements.
- Accidental loss: The event that constitutes the trigger of a claim should be fortuitous, or at least outside the control of the beneficiary of the insurance. The loss should be pure, in the sense that it results from an event for which there is only the opportunity for cost. Events that contain speculative elements such as ordinary business risks or even purchasing a lottery ticket are generally not considered insurable.
- Large loss: The size of the loss must be meaningful from the perspective of the insured. Insurance premiums need to cover both the expected cost of losses, plus the cost of issuing and administering the policy, adjusting losses, and supplying the capital needed to reasonably assure that the insurer will be able to pay claims. For small losses, these latter costs may be several times the size of the expected cost of losses. There is hardly any point in paying such costs unless the protection offered has real value to a buyer.
- Affordable premium: If the likelihood of an insured event is so high, or the cost of the event so large, that the resulting premium is large relative to the amount of protection offered, then it is not likely that insurance will be purchased, even if on offer. Furthermore, as the accounting profession formally recognizes in financial accounting standards, the premium cannot be so large that there is not a reasonable chance of a significant loss to the insurer. If there is no such chance of loss, then the transaction may have the form of insurance, but not the substance (see the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board pronouncement number 113: “Accounting and Reporting for Reinsurance of Short-Duration and Long-Duration Contracts”).
- Calculable loss: There are two elements that must be at least estimable, if not formally calculable: the probability of loss, and the attendant cost. Probability of loss is generally an empirical exercise, while cost has more to do with the ability of a reasonable person in possession of a copy of the insurance policy and a proof of loss associated with a claim presented under that policy to make a reasonably definite and objective evaluation of the amount of the loss recoverable as a result of the claim.
- Limited risk of catastrophically large losses: Insurable losses are ideally independent and non-catastrophic, meaning that the losses do not happen all at once and individual losses are not severe enough to bankrupt the insurer; insurers may prefer to limit their exposure to a loss from a single event to some small portion of their capital base. Capital constrains insurers’ ability to sell earthquake insurance as well as wind insurance in hurricane zones. In the United States, the federal government insures flood risk. In commercial fire insurance, it is possible to find single properties whose total exposed value is well in excess of any individual insurer’s capital constraint. Such properties are generally shared among several insurers or are insured by a single insurer which syndicates the risk into the reinsurance market.
Legal
When a company insures an individual entity, there are basic legal requirements and regulations. Several commonly cited legal principles of insurance include:
- Indemnity – the insurance company indemnifies or compensates, the insured in the case of certain losses only up to the insured’s interest.
- Benefit insurance – as it is stated in the study books of The Chartered Insurance Institute, the insurance company does not have the right of recovery from the party who caused the injury and is to compensate the Insured regardless of the fact that Insured had already sued the negligent party for the damages (for example, personal accident insurance)
- Insurable interest – the insured typically must directly suffer from the loss. Insurable interest must exist whether property insurance or insurance on a person is involved. The concept requires that the insured have a “stake” in the loss or damage to the life or property insured. What that “stake” is will be determined by the kind of insurance involved and the nature of the property ownership or relationship between the persons. The requirement of an insurable interest is what distinguishes insurance from gambling.
- Utmost good faith – (Uberrima fides) the insured and the insurer are bound by a good faith bond of honesty and fairness. Material facts must be disclosed.
- Contribution – insurers which have similar obligations to the insured contribute in the indemnification, according to some method.
- Subrogation – the insurance company acquires legal rights to pursue recoveries on behalf of the insured; for example, the insurer may sue those liable for the insured’s loss. The Insurers can waive their subrogation rights by using the special clauses.
- Causa proxima, or proximate cause – the cause of loss (the peril) must be covered under the insuring agreement of the policy, and the dominant cause must not be excluded
- Mitigation – In case of any loss or casualty, the asset owner must attempt to keep loss to a minimum, as if the asset was not insured.
Indemnification
To “indemnify” means to make whole again, or to be reinstated to the position that one was in, to the extent possible, prior to the happening of a specified event or peril. Accordingly, life insurance is generally not considered to be indemnity insurance, but rather “contingent” insurance (i.e., a claim arises on the occurrence of a specified event). There are generally three types of insurance contracts that seek to indemnify an insured:
- A “reimbursement” policy
- A “pay on behalf” or “on behalf of policy”
- An “indemnification” policy
From an insured’s standpoint, the result is usually the same: the insurer pays the loss and claims expenses.
If the Insured has a “reimbursement” policy, the insured can be required to pay for a loss and then be “reimbursed” by the insurance carrier for the loss and out of pocket costs including, with the permission of the insurer, claim expenses.
Under a “pay on behalf” policy, the insurance carrier would defend and pay a claim on behalf of the insured who would not be out of pocket for anything. Most modern liability insurance is written on the basis of “pay on behalf” language which enables the insurance carrier to manage and control the claim.
Under an “indemnification” policy, the insurance carrier can generally either “reimburse” or “pay on behalf of”, whichever is more beneficial to it and the insured in the claim handling process.
An entity seeking to transfer risk (an individual, corporation, or association of any type, etc.) becomes the “insured” party once risk is assumed by an “insurer”, the insuring party, by means of a contract, called an insurance policy. Generally, an insurance contract includes, at a minimum, the following elements: identification of participating parties (the insurer, the insured, the beneficiaries), the premium, the period of coverage, the particular loss event covered, the amount of coverage (i.e., the amount to be paid to the insured or beneficiary in the event of a loss), and exclusions (events not covered). An insured is thus said to be “indemnified” against the loss covered in the policy.
When insured parties experience a loss for a specified peril, the coverage entitles the policyholder to make a claim against the insurer for the covered amount of loss as specified by the policy. The fee paid by the insured to the insurer for assuming the risk is called the premium. Insurance premiums from many insureds are used to fund accounts reserved for later payment of claims – in theory for a relatively few claimants – and for overhead costs. So long as an insurer maintains adequate funds set aside for anticipated losses (called reserves), the remaining margin is an insurer’s profit.
Here is a List of the Best Insurance Companies in Vietnam
Vietnam Reinsurance
Insurance company in Hanoi, Vietnam
Address: 141 Đ. Lê Duẩn, Cửa Nam, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Marsh Vietnam Ltd
Insurance agency in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Address: 9-11 Đ. Tôn Đức Thắng, Bến Nghé, District 01, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 28 6288 2399
Aig Vietnam Insurance Co., Ltd – Rep.Office
Insurance agency in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Located in: Saigon Centre
Address: 65 Đ. Lê Lợi, Bến Nghé, Quận 1, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 28 3914 0065
AIA Viet Nam Life Insurance Company Limited – Can Tho Branch
Insurance agency in Can Tho, Vietnam
Address: 278E – 278F, Street 30/4, Hung Loi Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Xuân Khánh, Ninh Kiều, Cần Thơ, Vietnam
Phone: +84 292 3814 680
QBE Viet Nam Insurance Company
Insurance company in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
A 2-min walk from the Saigon Notre-Dame Basilica
Phone: +84 28 3824 5050
Tenzing Pacific Services
Insurance broker in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Address: 103 Phạm Viết Chánh, Street Ward 19, Bình Thạnh, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh 700000, Vietnam
Phone: +84 28 3821 5367
Appointments: ten-pac.com
Pacific Cross Vietnam
Insurance agency in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Located in: NOWZONE Fashion Mall
Address: Royal tower B, 235 Đ. Nguyễn Văn Cừ, Phường Nguyễn Cư Trinh, Quận 1, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 28 3821 9908
Liberty Insurance Limited
Insurance company in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Address: 18th floor, Vincom Office Building, 45A Lý Tự Trọng, Quận 1, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 1800 599998
Cathay Life VietNam
Life insurance agency in Hanoi, Vietnam
Address: 30 P. Hoà Mã, Phạm Đình Hổ, Hai Bà Trưng, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 210 1234 567
Công Ty Bảo Hiểm Liên Hiệp – UIC
Address: 2 P. Ngô Quyền, Lý Thái Tổ, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 836 111 100
Công ty Bảo hiểm Nhân thọ Prudential Việt Nam
Insurance company in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Address: 37 Đ. Tôn Đức Thắng, Bến Nghé, Quận 1, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh 700000, Vietnam
Phone: +84 28 3910 1660
Cambodia Vietnam Insurance PLC
Insurance company in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Address: 398 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Phone: +855 23 212 000
Baker & McKenzie (Vietnam) Ltd.
Located in: Saigon Tower
Address: Saigon Tower, Vietnam, Đ. Lê Duẩn, Bến Nghé, Quận 1, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 28 3829 5585