The Athi-Galana-Sabaki River, known as Kenya’s second longest river after the Tana River, is a vital waterway that spans 390 kilometers and drains a vast area of 70,000 square kilometers. Its journey begins in the Gatamaiyo Forest under the name Athi River, eventually emerging into the Indian Ocean as the Galana River, also referred to as the Sabaki River.
Originating from the highlands, the Athi River meanders across the expansive Kapote and Athi plains, flowing through the town of Athi River before heading northeast. Along its path, it intersects with the Nairobi River and near Thika, forms the stunning Fourteen Falls. Continuing southeast, it navigates under the Yatta ridge, where its basin is enclosed on the east, eventually reaching the coast.
The river’s flow dynamics are influenced by seasonal rains, causing it to swell significantly, sometimes by as much as 10 meters in height. This surge transforms the river’s normally clear waters into a turbulent, yellow-hued torrent. Navigating the river during these periods can be challenging, particularly around Lugard Falls, a series of rapids that punctuate its course.
As the river progresses eastward, it transforms into the Sabaki River in its lower reaches, traversing the barren quartz landscapes of the outer plateau. The valley it creates is relatively flat, characterized by forests, scrublands, and seasonal lakes that interconnect with the river during rainy seasons.
The Athi-Galana-Sabaki River’s ecosystem supports a rich variety of wildlife, particularly within Tsavo East National Park, where it serves as a critical water source for numerous species, including hippopotamuses and crocodiles. The river also sustains millions of Kenyans living along its banks, providing essential water for drinking, agriculture, and other domestic needs.
In recent years, the river’s potential for development has been explored with projects like the Thwake Dam. Planned on the Athi River, the Thwake Dam is a multipurpose infrastructure endeavor aimed at enhancing water supply reliability for drinking, irrigation, and hydroelectric power generation. Funded with support from the African Development Fund and constructed by the China Gezhouba Group Company, this project underscores the river’s strategic importance in Kenya’s development agenda.
Overall, the Athi-Galana-Sabaki River stands as a crucial lifeline for both wildlife and human communities in Kenya, embodying ecological diversity and serving as a cornerstone for sustainable development initiatives in the region.
